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Grinding stone from Brandfort black concentration camp


Thanks to archaeological items like these, the location of the black concentration camp at Brandfort could be established. At Brandfort in the Orange Free State a black concentration camp grew alongside the white concentration camp, reaching about 1 800 people by mid-April 1901 and by August there were at least 4 000 inmates. In the early days of the camp black inmates received the same rations as the whites but the accommodation was much more haphazard, consisting of inadequate tents, which some people covered with matting to make them more waterproof. No sanitation was provided and inmates had to ‘report’ to a wooded kloof a mile above the camp ‘for the purposes of nature’.

In March 1901 there were still no paid officials to supervise the camp. The black inmates received basic medical attention but there was no hospital accommodation whilst those needing hospital care were treated in the ambulance wagons. At the end of March infant mortality was ‘rather high’. Eventually a white superintendent, Mr Meintjes and an assistant, Hendrik Khukhu, was appointed. Children attended school in the local town location. Eventually the size of the black camp was partially
reduced by returning a number of Basuto nationals to their homes in Basutoland. Around September 1901 it was decided to move the black camp from Brandfort. This meant new arrangements had to be made for the men who worked in the white camp, along with their families.